It was also shared more than 500 times on Facebook. How prevalent is an overseas education among ministers? Responding to the feedback, Minister of State for Education Sun Xueling, who was present at the dialogue, said many of the issues raised will be addressed in the refreshed Character and Citizen . The TJC Class of 2019 has achieved excellent results, at the 2019 GCE A-Level Examinations with one of the best sets of results on record. Tin Pei Ling Wikipedia from upload.wikimedia.org The ministry of education is a ministry of the government of singapore that directs the formulation and implementation of policies related to education in singapore. Good evening, everyone. No. sun xueling from which junior college . Sun, 42, first made a post on July 26 on Facebook, which detailed her struggles as a junior college student who harboured thoughts of self-harm. Her personal story struck a chord in readers, with the post garnering more than 7,000 reactions. Guest of Honour. It is important to note that educational background is only one part of what constitutes a member of Singapore's political elite. sun xueling from which junior college. People, meet one of the new faces from the Peoples Action Party, Sun Xueling. Sun's promotion to directorship at Teamasick (a husband-and-wife corporation) is nothing less than meteoric. At the very least, however, these points provide an indication of what is valued at the highest level of government and what meritocracy means in Singapore. He enjoys aligning his professional interest in sustainability with his personality of challenging himself and embedding innovation processes, bringing more significant meaning . Can business be both profit seeking and ethical? Alluding to her deteriorating mental health, she added: You grow quiet as a result. 27 out of 34 ministers completed at least part of their university studies abroad. I do a fabulous job of manifesting my awkward ISFP personality. The academy of principals (singapore) aps represents a unique and vibrant partnership with the key players in singapore education: A member of the governing people's action party (pap), he was the member of parliament (mp) for sembawang grc (woodlands) from 11 september 2015 to 23 june 2020. Singapore Politicians and Their Celebrity Look-alikes. future of pta profession 2022; emmy awards 2022 winners; property management section 8 fresno, ca. In response to queries from TODAY, Ms Sun said that she went through a dark period as a young person and wanted to let others who may be going through a difficult time know that they are not alone. These elite institutions are not only more exclusive, they are also concentrated geographically: all Independent schools and all but two SAP schools (Nan Hua and Nan Chiau) are located in Central and South Singapore. Mr Lee told TODAY that he was very touched by Ms Suns note and felt that her experiences resonated with him as well. Incidentally, the above also describes Deputy Prime Minister Heng Swee Keats educational background to a tee. Sun Xueling is a Minister at Sian Chay based in Singapore, Central Singapore. . I want to prepare for UPSC to become a civil servant." Read | Maharashtra SSC results: Peon's daughter who had to borrow books to study for exams scores 98.2% "I was hoping to score 90 per cent. Its powerful, beautifully designed and comes with everything you need to engage your visitors and increase conversions. sun xueling from which junior college. XXX means she poke her own CB with a knife? Sun Xueling has a net worth of $5.00 million (Estimated) which she earned from her occupation as Politician. 2021. Sun shared how one particular book has been an invaluable resource. 10:34 Min. She holds a Bachelor of Social Sciences (Upper Hons) in Economics from the National University of Singapore, and also has . 5 Best Prenatal Pilates Studios in Singapore to Check Out, Higher Baby Bonus, Greater Paternity Leave: Budget 2023 Highlights for Parents. She made her political debut in the 2015 general election as part of a six-member PAP team contesting in Pasir RisPunggol GRC and won 72.89% of the vote. The Cost. Singaporean politician and business executive, Member of multiple Parliaments of Singapore. You are teary, tired and dont sleep well.. A study of 40 years of junior college yearbooks from 6 junior colleges indicated that a neighbourhoods characteristics could potentially explain why some groups are under-represented in Singapores top junior colleges: The majority of ministers (24 out of 34) studied at one of three tertiary institutions: Raffles Institution, National Junior College or Hwa Chong Institution. Ms Sun said schools have the autonomy to start "This includes parental expectations, personal expectations for . You have reached your limit of subscriber-only articles this month. Mohamed amrin bin mohamed amin (jawi: The ministry of education is a ministry of the government of singapore that directs the formulation and implementation of policies related to education in singapore. Occupation: Investment director at Temasek Holdings. Nov 17, 2016, 6:47 PM SGT. See the complete profile on LinkedIn and discover Sun's connections and jobs at similar companies. Sun Xueling MP (born Soon Sher Rene; 10 July 1979), is a Singaporean politician and business executive. Minister Shanmugam. What was behind Sun Xueling's viral Facebook post about her struggles in junior college? Ms Sun, who is also the Minister of State for Home Affairs, Social and Family Development, wrote in an Oct 10 (Monday) Facebook post that she pays "for my Hokkien Mee and I wait to collect my . Required fields are marked *. Victoria Junior College; Woodgrove Primary School; Woodlands Secondary School; 2021. Minister Sun Xueling's tertiary education, which was previously indicated as unknown, is now indicated as Raffles Institution. Congrats Xueling for the arrival of baby Sophie. MCI (P) 076/10/2022, MCI (P) 077/10/2022. Now as a parent myself, I told myself never to put academics ahead of my childs well-being and happiness. Why is the NTUC involved in the running of businesses? Read articles or ask away and get instant answers on our app. He was later introduced to Canoe Sprint when he was in junior college, and eventually went on to represent NUS and Singapore in the sport. Download the data: A full spreadsheet of each minister, their educational background and the sources used to verify this data can be found here. Be there for them if they want to talk. Ms. Sun Xueling. Popularly known as the Politician of Singapore. Occupation: Investment director at Temasek Holdings. 5 Reasons Why Pokmon Go Is Good For Singapore, Oh My Goh just delivered a Facebook *mic drop*, Daily SG: 6 Sep 2015 | The Singapore Daily, Meet the first Straits Times Singaporean of the year | Yoshi Today, Last Week in Parliament: The Real Sun Xueling Unscrambled.sg. sun xueling from which junior college black and white pajama pants June 21, 2022. bartlett high school football record Her personal story struck a chord in readers, with the post garnering . She previously served as Minister of State for Education between 2020 and 2022. Not satisfied with his performance, Ananta has already made plans for his long-term goal. He became a Singapore citizen six years ago. Sun Xueling (Chinese: ; pinyin: Sn Xulng; born 1979), also known as Soon Sher Rene, is a Singaporean politician who has been serving as Minister of State for Social and Family Development and Home Affairs since 2020 and 2022 respectively. Students shared about their desire to play their part for environmental sustainability, and develop a deep connection to our heritage and history as they walked me through the school's Heritage Gallery. Prior to 2015, parliament.gov.sg presented detailed information about a ministers CV (most of which is still available via the Internet Archive). 04 Oct 2022 02:42pm. Temasek Junior College Annual Yearbook 2020 #TJTogether. Gregorio, who turned 18 last Saturday and has been a . This figure (about 38% of Singapore ministers have studied at Oxbridge or the Ivy League) is not far from that of British politicians: In 2019, 57% of the British Cabinet and 36% of Junior Ministers studied at Oxford or Cambridge. Visited Temasek Junior College (TJC) today, and had the opportunity to tour the green, 'rustic' premises of the college. 6. As recently as 2019, the importance of SAP schools was again emphasised by then-Minister of Education Ong Ye Kung, who pointed to the growing importance of China and the Chinese language. Whuuuuuut? . According toreports, Sunhad studied in CHIJ St Nicholas. Sun, 42, first made a post last month on Facebook, which detailed her struggles as a junior college student who harboured thoughts of self-harm. Minister of State for Home Affairs,Social&Family development,MP for Punggol West Wishing your family joy in raising two beautiful children. A full spreadsheet of each minister, their educational background and the sources used to verify this data can be found here. Category A: School Mental Health Project. For more information: www.chanjinweilouis.com<br><br>Louis is a firm believer in exceeding expectations and delivering results consistently. Sun's promotion to directorship at Teamasick (a husband-and-wife corporation) is nothing less than meteoric. compare and contrast king david and king solomon. Minister Sun Xueling's tertiary education, which was previously indicated as unknown, is now indicated as Raffles Institution. 6. She won with 60.98% of the vote against the Workers' Party's Tan Chen Chen, and continued serving as the Member of Parliament for Punggol West. She subsequently went on to complete a Master of Science with merit degree in international political economy at the London School of Economics. She was appointed as the Minister of State in the Ministry for Education and Ministry for Social and Family Development by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong and was appointed as the vice-Chairman of Pasir Ris - Punggol Town Council. In a responseto a compliment from one commenter, he wrote how it wasnt that difficult to pair the words with illustrations, as the original letter was already very beautifully written to begin with. Inspired by MP for Punggol West SMC Sun Xuelings letterto her younger self, a local illustratorhas created a series of comics to accompany her personal sharing. During the 2020 general election, she contested as a solo PAP candidate in Punggol West SMC and won 60.98% of the vote. Ms Sun said the current system allows every student to learn at their pace. Its a very special kind of hilarious. Learn more on her curriculum vitae . He was later introduced to Canoe Sprint when he was in junior college, and eventually went on to represent NUS and Singapore in the sport. What is striking however is our attainment of a similar figure despite being a continent away from the US and the UK. When I was in JC, I often thought of throwing myself on the XXX so that I can finally get some rest because I was so tired and I hated school.. Ng is already in the hot seat, with the public's interest on Singapore's newest junior college . 01 Mar 2023 11:36pm. Be their safe harbour when they are hurt, a lighthouse beacon if they are lost and God will take care of the rest.. She served as Minister of State for Education from 2020 to 2022. Her former supervisors will tell you that her job performance . ) is a singaporean businessman, politician, and former lawyer. who the fuck cares? Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. [22] In 2021, Sun appeared with Grace Fu in a segment of the Channel 8 television series A Conversation with the Minister in the third and finale episode about health. Tuition is definitely lower at this institution than at a 4-year university. This page was last edited on 3 September 2022, at 15:09. The ministry currently oversees 10 statutory boards: The academy of principals (singapore) aps represents a unique and vibrant partnership with the key players in singapore education: A member of the governing people's action party (pap), he was the member of parliament (mp) for sembawang grc (woodlands) from 11 september 2015 to 23 june 2020. 4. In line with Singapore's national fixation with Oxbridge and the Ivy League, 13 out of 34 ministers have studied at these universities. Ministry of Education & Ministry of Social and Family Development. According to the World Bank, as of 2018, 31.5% of Singapores population aged 25+ have attained at least a Bachelors degree, whereas 100% of ministers have. The problem arises when parents or students feel "boxed in". . However, this number falls to 8 when we exclude postgraduate studies at the Harvard Kennedy School which has drawn some controversy over its admission requirements and graduates. by Adora Wong / May 5, 2022. Download theAsianparent Community on iOS or Android now! Between them, Singapores ministers have an average of 2.2 degrees each. Her hanyu-pinyin name seems to mislead people into thinking she's a new citizen from the PRC. Eskiehir Hukuk Taban Puanlar - Tum Bolumlerin Ve Universitelerin 2021 Taban Puanlari Ve Basari Siralamalari Unedex - Anadolu niversitesi (eskiehir) (devlet niversitesi). Youd think that someone who is actually running in this election would pay more attention to news and even watch other candidates rally speeches, right? Im Sun Xueling, the new candidate for the Peoples Action Party, running for the Pasir Ris-Punggol GRC. One Minute: Peoples voice (PV) Political Party GE2020 Election Manifesto, PSP Leong Mun Wai Fails Viswa Sadasivans Inconvenient Questions, Clamping Down on Unfair Hiring of Foreigners, Experience is a lousy way to justify a pay increase, The Workers Party has not improved one bit, Khaw Boon Wan missed an opportunity to score points, There is another reason to go cashless: crime. Ya, I know, not nice. Based on 2020 Primary School Leaving Exams (PSLE) admission cut-off points, 6 out of 11 SAP schools were in the 20 options with the highest cut-off points. The PAP team contesting in Pasir RisPunggol GRC during the 2015 general election won with 72.89% of the vote against the Singapore Democratic Alliance, and Sun thus became a Member of Parliament representing the Punggol West ward of Pasir RisPunggol GRC. Good morning and welcome to our very first SGSecure family reunion. 5. [2] On 27 July 2020, she was promoted to Minister of State and appointed to the Ministry of Social and Family Development and Ministry of Education. Sun received a Bachelor of Social Sciences in Economics degree from National University of Singapore and a . Later, on 22 Aug 2015. the PAP unveiled its slate of six candidates for the Pasir Ris-Punggol Group Representation Constituency (GRC) team that will contest in the upcoming General Election (GE): 1. [3] It was also shared more than 500 times on Facebook. Ms Sun Xueling. Ms Sun said the current system allows every student to learn at their pace. Sun Xueling, PAP, MP. Sun Xueling (Chinese: ; pinyin: Sn Xulng; born 1979), also known as Soon Sher Rene, is a Singaporean politician who has been serving as Minister of State for Social and Family Development and Home Affairs since 2020 and 2022 respectively. By registering, you agree to our T&C and Privacy Policy. He became a Singapore citizen six years ago. All Rights Reserved. Minister of State. Guest of Honour Ms Sun Xueling Minister of State Ministry of Education & Ministry of Social and Family Development Winners Category A: School Mental Health Project CJC On Air by Catholic Junior College; Light by Catholic High School Family: Married to an IT entrepreneur, 37. A member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), she has been the . She then became a Member of Parliament representing the Punggol West ward and, in 2018, the . [5] Wishing your family joy in raising two beautiful children," he said. This article is now fully available for you, Please verify your e-mail to read this subscriber-only article in full. Sign up for our newsletter. Support Families in Building Bonds and Developing Resilient Individuals. It is unclear when Sun got married, but even if it was 10 or 15 years ago, $3,000 for a wedding is incredibly cheap. Three other possible suicides are pending . A member of the governing people's action party (pap), he was the member of parliament (mp) for sembawang grc (woodlands) from 11 september 2015 to 23 june 2020. People who are extroverted and popular. On July 28, Ms Sun wrote a letter to her 17-year-old self, telling her that although she may be struggling to find new friends in junior college, she will eventually meet people who will love her . I hope that they will find the strength to carry on and keep hope alive, that there will be better and brighter days. Idm Free Download For Win 10 64 Bit : Internet Download Manager 6 38 For Windows 7 10 8 32 64 Bit : Download idm for windows pc from filehorse. In a post-edited note, Sun mentioned that she had been advised not to share the mode of self-harm that shed previously listed, and replaced the words with XXX. This is an important internal engagement platform for MOE to engage schools face-to-face and hear ground concerns on key education issues and policies. SingaporeA Facebook post from Member of Parliament Sun Xueling (PAP-Punggol West SMC) showing a bit of a lighter side on Wednesday (June 16) inadvertently resulted in some confusion over the . sun xueling from which junior college. Ms Yeap, Minister of State for Education Sun Xueling and parent of four, Adrian Tan were on CNA's Heart of the Matter podcast to discuss whether relieving the stresses ailing Singapore youths required deeper structural and mindset shifts. Photo from Sun Xueling Facebook. Ms. Gan Siow Huang. You are using an out of date browser. Occupation: Investment director at Temasek Holdings. Silver Ribbon Mental Health Awards Ceremony for Schools. Turns out, both women are alums of St Nicholas Girls' School. On 13 June 2022, Sun was appointed Minister of State at the Ministry of Home Affairs and relinquished the Education portfolio. Some of the drawings done by Mr Josef Lee, based on Ms Sun Xueling's Facebook post. In the letter, she detailed what she would say to me in 1996. Ministers most commonly attended universities are the National University of Singapore, Harvard University and the University of Cambridge. There were all sorts of not-so-nice talk about her being an ATB online. [7] They have two daughters together.[23]. Africa still leading the race.. You must log in or register to reply here. Chairperson, 1 Minister Masagos had earlier spoken on the important role that families play in our lives and in society, and on how we will make Singapore a great place for families. And you dont have to worry that someone would know your secrets. "Welcomed Baby Sophie to . Her former supervisors will tell you that her job performance . Perhaps it is fitting then that Heng was the favoured candidate for the role of future Prime Minister by the PAP rank and file. How does this compare to the general population? In Singapore, 17.9% of new graduates who completed their bachelors degree in 2020 did so in the humanities or social sciences (as data specific to the humanities is not available, the actual percentage of students who graduated with a degree in the humanities is likely to be much lower). Specific data regarding the percentage of the general population with a master's degree is not available. TJC had the honour of welcoming Ms Sun Xueling, Minister of State for Education and Social & Family Development for a School Engagement Session today. FiveStarsAndAMoon 2019. Ms. Sun Xueling. [6][5], Sun was brought up mostly by her grandmother, who was widowed at the age of 33 with six children as Sun's parents were both busy in their full-time jobs. Tan Chin Hwee (), CEO (Asia-Pacific) of Trafigura; graduated from HCJC [44] Brandon Wade, founder of online dating websites; he studied at HCJC [45] Wee Cho Yaw, Chairman of United Overseas Bank; studied at . All rights reserved. Sun Xueling (Chinese: ; pinyin: Sn Xulng; born 1979) is a Singaporean politician who has been serving as Minister of State for Social and Family Development since 2020 and Minister of State for Home Affairs since 2022. Which three junior colleges produced the majority of Singapore's ministers? They have a daughter aged two.Education: Bachelor of Social Sciences (Upper Honours . 2.6K Followers. This information is no longer available post-2015 and as a result, information on the qualifications of members of parliament has become more difficult for the public to access: Barring changes to the way MPs backgrounds are presented to the public, comprehensive analyses of our current elected representatives by their professional backgrounds, educational backgrounds, scholarships received and other such biodata would be unfeasible or very time-intensive. sun xueling from which junior collegeark alpha spino spawn command. Calm, composed,, Posted by FiveStarsAndAMoon onThursday, 3 September 2015. Even the Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth is led by three ministers who studied law, business studies, economics, and public policy. In the vast majority of divorce proceedings, parties promptly comply with court orders and it would be inappropriate for the Family Justice Courts or the Syariah . This was what she said of her husband when interviewed about his citizenship, Whats important is he took an active step to become a Singaporean. You withdraw. 24 August 2021 Minister of State for Education Sun Xueling has said that while schools have the flexibility to start later so that students get enough sleep, parents must also play their part to cultivate good sleep habits. Ladies and gentlemen . At least 15 ministers received scholarships for their university studies. Maharashtra SSC results: Peons daughter who had to borrow books to study for exams scores 98.2%, Maharashtra SSC 10th results 2020: NFBM Jagriti school for blind girls secures 100% results once again, Georgia woman who lost toe after pedicure says she's now 'a walking PSA': What you need to know now. "What we are trying to get at is (for) every . Sun Xueling Cares About Many Things But Her Looks Are Not One Of Them Mothership Sg News From Singapore Asia And Around The World from static.mothership.sg Mohamed amrin bin mohamed amin (jawi: The ministry of education is a ministry of the government of singapore that directs the formulation and implementation of policies related to education in singapore. The closest is Senior Minister of State Sim Anns Bachelors Degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics. The ministry of education is a ministry of the government of singapore that directs the formulation and implementation of policies related to education in singapore. My data has some missing information: Alvin Tan and Tan Kiat Hows secondary-level institutions are not included; as this information could not be independently verified. Its not worth it. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. SUN XUELING, 36. Setting things right, the MP said she had paid and queued for her plate of Hokkien mee. "Welcomed Baby Sophie to the family yesterday ;) Warm gratitude to the doctors and nurses who tended to me and great thanks to residents, friends and volunteers who have wished me well and supported me through this journey," the 37-year-old wrote. Lee,whos a creative director at a design and animation studio, createda series of drawings illustratingthe scenarios which Sun mentioned in her letter. Subscribe to get daily news updates, insights and must reads delivered straight to your inbox. Previously, Sun was a Position In Official Speeches, Media Room at M sf and also held positions at Business China, Jing King Tech Holdings, Temasek. She posted a photo of her newborn, Sophie, on Facebook on Thursday afternoon . You struggle with new subject combinations, in particular with English Lit since you did Chinese Lit previously and someone made a snide remark that your sentence construction resembled the English found on pencil boxes made in Japan. Dentons China > Beijing, China > Firm Profile. - Excerpt from Sun Xueling's speech on Sept 3, 2015 at the Pasir Ris-Punggol GRC rally . She wrote in one paragraph: Having come through our education system myself, I know how it can be stressful for students. On Monday (10 Oct), Ms Sun shared another Facebook post addressing such claims. The 41-year-oldalso wrote how her words of advice to overcome a difficult period in her life are invaluable encouragement that many of our students need to hear. Little Day Out spoke to Ms Sun Xueling, Minister of State for Education & Social and Family Development to find out more about the Emerging Stronger Conversations and how Singapore is "Made for . 2. Sun, 42, first made a post on July 26 on Facebook, which detailed her struggles as a junior college student who harboured thoughts of self-harm. Suspend judgment and listen. The survey of 675 young people aged 12 to 35 was conducted by mental health advocacy organisation Silver Ribbon (Singapore) from July to the start of this month. SUN XUELING, 36. Seek them out, make new friends. The lengthy prose touched on her difficult experience as a freshman in her JC, which she did not name. In comments left on thepost, many users thanked Sun for detailingher meaningful storyand shared examples of their own struggles. redlinerentalsbuffalo.com efe-muhendislik com try here www.jygisa.com look at this site valorflakes look at this site over here vallartashores com more tips here solixvent go to this website my company toprcm seta-bau vallartashores www impileolifescience com www.mbnsyonetim.com important source www.solixvent.com www workbestelectric com click here now centralfallout com estrelz.com have a . Studied at an Independent or SAP secondary school, Progressed to Raffles, National JC or Hwa Chong for their tertiary studies, Studied economics or business as an undergraduate, Gained a postgraduate degree, most commonly at the Harvard Kennedy School. The ministry currently oversees 10 statutory boards: Get an overview of major world indexes, current values and stock market data. This article was first published onAsiaOneand republished on theAsianparent with permission. Yup, Sun Xuelings name amongst the line-up. The problem arises when parents or students feel "boxed in". Ms Sun, who is MP for Pasir Ris-Punggol GRC, also has a three year old daughter, Sera. Sun also shared in the same post how her experience has influenced her role as a parent. [6][9], Sun started her career in the Economic Development Board in 2003 before she joined DBS Bank as an Assistant Vice-President. Flowing outwards from the "sun", a support column in front of our library, to the farthest reaches of the Rattler Den, our students experience how extensive our solar system is through the spatial relationships between those carved orbits. She served as Minister of State for Education from 2020 to 2022. Has this change alienated the Mandarin-speaking community? 2,827 talking about this. And what got her through that rough patch? 7 out of the 18 who studied in Singapore spent the entirety of their time in university there. When Sun Xueling was first introduced to the public, there was much speculation about whether shes Singapore-born. The ministry currently oversees 10 statutory boards: Get an overview of major world indexes, current values and stock market data. The ministry of education is a ministry of the government of singapore that directs the formulation and implementation of policies related to education in singapore. Sun has 7 jobs listed on their profile. A member of the country's governing People's Action Party (PAP), she has been serving as a Member of . Personally, I wouldnt have known who he is too, if not for this viral video that has been viewed over 300,000 times. Sun, 42,first madea post last month on Facebook, which detailed her struggles as a junior college student who harboured thoughts of self-harm. Sun, 36, is an investment director of Temasek Holdings. st peter catholic church bulletin; galen college of nursing student email; Currently, schools start at 7.30am at the earliest. Dont be swept away by all that glitters., Sun advisedher younger self to seek help from teachers, as well as from self-help books. Dentons China Offices `I was a victim of ISIS: She joined ISIS, fucked three fighters and called on extremists to spill blood of Americans asks to be allowed to return.. Minister of State Ministry of Education Ministry of Social and Family Development . Home / Criminal Law / sun xueling from which junior college. Get an overview of major world indexes, current values and stock market data. Minister of State for Social and Family Development Sun Xueling told The Straits Times: "For single unwed parents, we know that many are in their situation not by choice. He also has ties to Canoe Polo; as an undergraduate, he was instrumental in developing and modernising . Past statements by ministers indicate that aim is to have 30 to 40 percent of a cohort of students graduate with a university degree. Founding Elder Daughter-in-law saw in Sun Xue Ling what other bosses could or did not: that the latter is very pliable and co-operative. The world seems to be made of loud people. Sun also revealed that her wedding dress was quite simple and that she "didn't do much research", so she only spent around $3,000 on her wedding. Lest there were people who were still doubtful, we even did a further public service announcement just days ago on Facebook. GoogleCookieCookie, certificate does not validate against root certificate authority, did steve and cassie gaines have siblings, Understanding Chic Paris Anthology Analysis, i will take your gift to bilbo the magnificent, what are the chances of a plane crashing 2021, how many fantasy novels are published each year, programming embedded systems in c and c++ pdf.